Challenges In Osteogenesis Imperfecta Care: Breaking The Barrier For A Promising Future•

Anisuddin Bhatti — 2026-03-02

The osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) remains one of the most challenging inherited skeletal disorders that manifests with recurrent fractures on minor stress, progressive deformities, chronic pain, and functional disabilities. The affected person can also have variable short stature, scoliosis, and extra-skeletal manifestations including blue sclera, sensory hearing loss, and dentinogenesis imperfecta.1-3 In Pakistan, OI prevalence is similar to that of global estimates; about 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 births. The reliable national data are lacking due to frequent under-diagnosis or confusing with conditions like rickets and child abuse.4 In contrast, high-income countries have centralized registries with the availability of genetic testing and multidisciplinary teams to manage the patients and improve their quality of life………..

Burden and Clinical Outcomes of Female Pelvic floor and Lower Genital Tract Disorders

Haleema Yasmin — 2026-03-02

Objective

To determine the frequency, demographic and clinical profile, as well as clinical outcomes of urogynecological morbidities among women presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.

Study design

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Place & Duration of study

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ward-08, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, (JPMC) Karachi, from January 2022 to December 2024.

Methods

Data were extracted from the records of outpatient department, ward admissions and operation theaters. Women presenting with pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence, lower urinary tract symptoms, fistula, and perineal problems were included. Continuous variables were summarized as median (IQR) except age, which was reported as mean ± SD. Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests were applied to find out the association between urogynecological conditions and clinical outcomes.

Results

A total of 193 women were included. The mean age of the women was 43.9±13.6 years; median parity was 5 (IQR 3–6), median inter-pregnancy interval was 8-months (IQR 6–12), and median duration of symptoms was 18-months (IQR 16–32). POP was the most common morbidity (n=138 - 71.5%), followed by overactive bladder (n=23 - 11.9%) and stress urinary incontinence (n=15 - 7.8%). POP demonstrated significant associations with abnormal BMI (p=0.017), short inter-pregnancy interval (p=0.001), and chronic constipation (p=0.025). Fistulas were significantly associated with abnormal BMI (p=0.017) and instrumental delivery (p=0.041). A total of 148 (76.7%) women underwent surgical management. A total of 186 (96.4%) women reported improvement.

Conclusion

Urogynecological morbidities were common and often presented at an advanced stage. Modifiable risk factors contribute significantly to disease burden, while appropriate management yielded high improvement rates.

Key words

Urogynaecological morbidities, Pelvic organ prolapse, Vesicovaginal fistula, Overactive bladder, Stress urinary incontinence.

Journal of Surgery Pakistan

Index

Challenges In Osteogenesis Imperfecta Care: Breaking The Barrier For A Promising Future•

Burden and Clinical Outcomes of Female Pelvic floor and Lower Genital Tract Disorders